Actualización sobre la comorbilidad migraña-depresión / Update on migraine-depression comorbidity

Introducción: La migraña y el trastorno depresivo son patologías altamente prevalentes e incapacitantes, las cuales presentan relaciones bidireccionales de comorbilidad. En la literatura se han descrito factores de riesgo y mecanismos fisiopatológicos comunes para ambas enfermedades, así como asociaciones entre estas y su presentación clínica. Métodos: El presente texto es una revisión narrativa de la literatura. La búsqueda del material bibliográfico se hizo mediante distintas bases de datos especializadas en el área de la salud. Resultados: Algunos factores de riesgo están asociados con ambas patologías, y ambas comparten factores patogénicos, incluidos cambios funcionales, estructurales, genéticos, epigenéticos y hormonales, entre otros. Varios de los tratamientos preventivos que han demostrado eficacia en el tratamiento de la migraña son medicamentos o medidas con efecto antidepresivo. Discusión: Si se consideran las asociaciones y los factores comunes descritos en la literatura, se hace evidente que en el enfoque de pacientes diagnosticados con alguna de estas patologías es necesario tener en cuenta una posible comorbilidad entre migraña y depresión. Conclusión: Es importante promover el tamizaje de estas dos condiciones en pacientes diagnosticados con alguna de ellas, pues esto puede tener implicaciones terapéuticas e impacto en la calidad de vida.

Introduction: Migraine and depressive disorder are highly prevalent and disabling pathologies, which present bidirectional relationships of comorbidity. Common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms for both diseases have been described in the literature, as well as associations between them and their clinical presentation. Methods: This text is a narrative literature review. The bibliographical material was found through different databases specialized in health sciences. Results: Some risk factors are associated with both pathologies, and both share pathogenic factors, including functional, structural, genetic, epigenetic, hormonal changes, among others. Several of the preventive treatments that have shown efficacy in the treatment of migraine are medications or measures with an antidepressant effect. Discussion: Considering the associations and common factors described in the literature, it becomes evident that in the approach to patients diagnosed with any of these pathologies, it may be beneficial to consider a possible migraine-depression comorbidity. Conclusion: It is important to promote the screening of these two patients diagnosed with some, since it can have therapeutic implications and impact on quality of life.

Release of phenolic compounds from fermented cocoa powder during fast heating in a novel hot plate reactor.

This article studies the release of phenolic compounds during cocoa heating under vacuum, N2, and air atmospheres, and proposes fast heating (60 °C • s-1) as a methodology that allows the release of polyphenols from fermented cocoa powder. We aim to demonstrate that gas phase transport is not the only mechanism to extract compounds of interest and that convective-type mechanisms can facilitate the process by reducing their degradation. The oxidation and transport phenomena were evaluated both in the extracted fluid and in the solid sample during the heating process. Polyphenols transport phenomena were assessed based on the fluid (chemical condensate compounds) that was collected cold with an organic solvent (methanol) in a hot plate reactor. Out of all the polyphenolic compounds present in cocoa powder, we assessed specifically the release of catechin and epicatechin. We found that high heating rates combined with vacuum or N2 favor the ejection of liquids; then, it is possible to extract compounds such as catechin-which is dissolved/entrained and transported in the ejected liquids-and avoid degradation phenomena.